1. The state government is considering passing a law that will make it illegal to smoke in any public buildings. This is outrageous. What's next? Telling us what we can and can't wear?
This is a pretty clear case of slippery slope. The suggestion is that if the anti-smoking legislation is passed, that certain other things, such as government issued dress codes, will follow.
2. Literacy rates have steadily declined since the advent of television. Clearly television viewing impedes learning.
False cause. From the mere existence of a correlation one cannot 'clearly' conclude a causal relationship.
3. Government is like business, so just as business must be sensitive primarily to the bottom line, so also must government.
Weak analogy. Of course there are some respects in which government and businesses are similar: they both have budgets and spend money. But the aims are different. Government is not a money-making enterprise. This disanalogy undercuts the argument's presumed analogy.
4. Of course magic works. I had this really bad wart once, and I went to a witcch who told me to rub it with a potato and then bury the potato, and after the potato rotted, the wart would vanish. And sure enough, she was right.
False cause. Since warts often go away after some period of time, any tratment that takes a certain amount of time will end with the non-existence of the wart. The correlation here is obviously not a casual connection.
5. If we allow the Government to require the registration of hand guns, then the logical thing to do will be to regulate hunting rifles. Then there will be a push to outlaw all guns. Then only criminals will have guns. For our own self-defense, we must oppose all hand gun regulation.
Slippery slope. The chain of evenmts alluded to is unlikely, certainly not a serious threat.
6. My dance teacher told us that biotech companies are dangerous to the environment, and that we should portest them. So I'm going to go to the protest rally tomorrow.
Appeal to authority. There is no reason to think that dance instructors know any more about the facts of biotech than anyone else.
7. Ladies and gentlemen of the jury. As you can see, the prosecution did not prove that my client is guilty. So you must return a verdict of 'Not guilty."
No fallacy. As is common knowledge, in criminal cases, suspects are considered innocent until proven guilty, meaning that if guilt has not been proven, then juries must return a 'not guilty' verdict. The argument here is not 'my client was not proven to be guilty, so he really is innocent'. That would be an appeal to ignorance fallacy. But the conclusion is "you must return a verdict of 'not guilty'" which in these circumstances is correct.
8. Dude, Nintendo games suck. I was playing Vigilante 8 II with this friend of mine, and it was horrible. Playstation games are much better.
Hasty generalization. A conclusion about all Nintendo games is drawn on the basis of one example.